Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
ââ?¬Å?Invasive giant prolactinomaââ?¬Â is a large prolactinoma (>4 cm in dimension) presenting with serum prolactin levels\r\nof >1000 ng/dL and mass related clinical symptoms. Here we report a patient with a giant prolactinoma presented\r\nwith central hypogonadism, suppressed adrenal and thyroid function, supra sellar extension, visual field impairment\r\nand high prolactin level.\r\nThe patient was treated with cabergoline, levothyroxin and prednisolone. After 18 months, tumor size markedly\r\nreduced, associated with adrenal function and visual field improvement, but central hypogonadism and secondary\r\nhypothyroidism persisted.\r\nPrevious studies showed normalization of thyrotropin secretion after treatment but it remained low in our patient\r\neven after 18 months follow up....
Background: There are limited data on the prevalence rate of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among college students\r\nattending any Historically Black College and University (HBCU), which are mostly attended by young African\r\nAmericans (AA). We report the prevalence and gender differences in the components of MetS in a sample\r\npopulation from an HBCU campus.\r\nMethods: Three hundred and seventy six (218 females and 158 males) first year college students (average age 19.8\r\nyears), attending Kentucky State University, Frankfort with no prior diagnosis of illness participated in the cross\r\nsectional study. Anthropometric screenings included measurement of height, weight, waist circumference and body\r\nmass index (BMI). The clinical screenings included measurement of blood pressure and determination of fasting\r\nlipid and glucose concentrations. The National Cholesterol Education Program�s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP\r\nIII) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions for MetS were applied. Statistics: Analysis of variance\r\n(ANOVA) scores on the Means procedure were used to examine differences between genders for all\r\nanthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters. Fisher�s exact chi-square tests were used to analyze the\r\nprevalence of MetS criteria per gender, the number of MetS criteria per BMI category and the prevalence of MetS\r\ncriteria. Significance was set at p = 0.05 for all tests.\r\nResults: Prevalence rates for MetS criteria varied depending on the definition used. According to the NCEP ATP\r\ndefinition, 31.4% of the sample population had at least 1 criterion for MetS, while 20.7% had 2 criteria. When IDF\r\ndefinition was applied, 21.3% sample population had 1 criterion and 17.5% had at least two criteria. Prevalence was\r\nhighest for low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (37.3%) and elevated fasting glucose (22.1%). On the\r\nbasis of the NCEP ATP and IDF definitions, overall prevalence of MetS in the total sample was 12%, and 9.3%\r\nrespectively.\r\nConclusions: HBCUs offer a unique opportunity to monitor and address the risk factors of MetS in a predominantly\r\nyoung AA population. There is a higher prevalence of MetS in this study population than any other reports on\r\ncollege students....
Background: The metabolic syndrome is defined as an assemblage of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and\r\nmenopause is associated with an increase in metabolic syndrome prevalence. The aim of this study was to assess\r\nthe prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among postmenopausal women in Tehran, Iran.\r\nMethods: In this cross-sectional study in menopause clinic in Tehran, 118 postmenopausal women were\r\ninvestigated. We used the adult treatment panel 3 (ATP3) criteria to classify subjects as having metabolic syndrome.\r\nResults: Total prevalence of metabolic syndrome among our subjects was 30.1%. Waist circumference, HDLcholesterol,\r\nfasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure ,Systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride were\r\nsignificantly higher among women with metabolic syndrome (P-value<0.05). Our study shows high abdominal\r\nobesity and hypertension are the most prevalent components of metabolic syndrome. 15%, 13.3% and 1.8% of\r\nsubjects had three, four and five criteria for metabolic syndrome, respectively. There was a significant relationship\r\nbetween number of components of metabolic syndrome and waist circumference.\r\nConclusions: Our study shows that postmenopausal status is associated with an increased risk of metabolic\r\nsyndrome. Therefore, to prevent cardiovascular disease there is a need to evaluate metabolic syndrome and its\r\ncomponents from the time of the menopause....
Background: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetic patients reflects the average blood glucose level, and\r\nwill not be affected by variability in blood glucose in short time. Regular care of patients by medical staff could\r\neffectively control glycemic situation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of medical care by general\r\nphysicians on glycemic control by measuring of HbA1c.\r\nMethods: In order to assess the effectiveness of National program for diabetes control and prevention in Iran, we\r\ncompare HbA1c, Fasting blood glucose (FBS), systolic and diastolic blood pressure in two groups of diabetic\r\npatients diagnosed in this program. The first group consisted of patients who received at least four visits by General\r\nPhysician (GP) during one year after the diagnosis, and second group were patients who did not visited by GPs or\r\nreceived 1ââ?¬â??3 visits.\r\nResults: After one year, 24.1% of patients did not receive any care, while 57.9% examined at least once a year.\r\nAmong visited patients, 23.5% received 1ââ?¬â??3 times medical care and 23.5% received four or more visits. HbA1c was\r\nsignificantly lowered in patients with appropriate care (four and more) compared with the non cared patients and\r\npatients with less than four cares.\r\nConclusion: Appropriate number of visits for each patient by GPs is an effective glycemic control in diabetic\r\npatients. Although this study provides a framework for medical care in diabetes, how to take care of these patients\r\ndepends on specific situation of each patient and should be determined for each of them individually...
Background: Obesity is a worldwide health problem with increasing prevalence. Decrease in energy intake has\r\nbeen shown to lower the risk of coronary artery disease in obese subjects. The common form of dietary restriction\r\nis daily calorie restriction (CR). Another form is alternate-day fasting (ADF). This study examined the ability of\r\nmodified ADF to facilitate weight loss and lower cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese women.\r\nMethods: 15 adult subjects completed an 8 weeks trial (2 weeks observed and 6 weeks ADF). All women\r\nconsumed very low calorie diet on the fast day and usually diet in every other day. Body weight (BW), fat mass and\r\nblood pressure (BP) were measured. Fasting blood samples were collected at the first and 57th day of trial for\r\nbiochemical analysis.\r\nResults: During the course of the trial, BW of the subjects decreased (p < 0/0001) from 84/3 �± 11/44 kg to 78/3 �±\r\n10/18 kg. Waist Circumference decreased from 87/87 �± 9/74 to 82/86 �± 9/68(p < 0/001). Reduction in systolic BP\r\nwas seen from 114.8 �± 9.16 to 105.13 �± 10.19 mmHg (p < 0/001) and diastolic BP changed from 82.86 �± 10.6 to\r\n74.5 �± 10.8 (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol decreased from 227/73 �± 49/96 to 214/67 �± 43/27, TG from 160/5 �± 46/18\r\nto 143/9 �± 22/77, LDL from 149/46 �± 49/81 to 131/3 �± 50/97, and FBS from 102 �± 14/7 to 96 �± 11/79 mg/dl but\r\nwere not significant. HDL increased from 42/32 �± 18/01 to 50/58 �± 19/46 and was not significant.\r\nConclusion: These finding suggest that short time ADF is a viable dietary option to help obese individuals lose\r\nweight and decrease some CAD risk factors. More and longer-term studies in human subjects are needed to\r\nsupport this important result...
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